In this study, chemical compositions of black seed meals samples were determined. 18 male weaning Zandi lambs with an average body weight of 23.5 ±1.5 kg were used in a completely randomized design in three groups of six in individual pens. Experimental treatments were: 1) control (basal diet with 12% soybean meal and without black seed meal), 2) diet containing 6% soybean meal and 9% black seed meal and 3) diet containing 18% black seed meal and without soybean meal. The concentration of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, NDF, ADF, ADIN, and crude ash of black seed meal samples were 97.53±0.58, 31.26±0.99, 15.16 ± 0.61, 25.95 ± 1.34, 14.2±0.80, 0.69±0.04 and 5.07 ± 0.24, respectively. Replacement of soybean meal with black seed meal in the diet of experimental lambs had no effect on final body weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, dry matter intake, dressing percentage, tail and total body fat deposition. Albumin and total protein were higher for lambs fed by diet containing 18 % black seed meal compared to other treatments (P <0.05). However, the concentration of BLOOD triglyceride, cholesterol and urea nitrogen were not differed between experimental groups. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude fat and protein were not affect by feeding of experimental diets. It seems that black seed meal can be used in the diet of fattening lambs up to 18% without adverse effect on performance and nutrients digestibility of growing lambs.

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of adding a mixture of peppermint, thyme and rosemary essential oils (EOs) in a ratio of (3:1:2), respectively, to the diet, on growth performance, rumen and BLOOD PARAMETERS of fattening lambs. Twenty-one Mehraban lambs with an average weight of 29.80 kg were randomly allocated to one of three diets: 1) control, 2) base diet+1.25ml of EOs and 3) base diet+2.5ml of EOs. Daily weight gain was greater in the groups receiving the EOs than in the control, although this increase was mainly due to the interactions of treatment over time. Feed consumption and feed conversion ratio compared to the control did not altered. The total concentrations of VFAs and acetate in the groups receiving EOs decreased (P<0.05), while the concentration of propionate increased (P<0.05) at the level of 2.5ml of EOs and isovalerate increased (P<0.05) in both levels of EOs compared to the control. Total population of protozoa, rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration were not affected by treatments. Glucose concentration increased at high level of EOs (P<0.05). Concentrations of urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, total protein and albumin did not altered. The number of red BLOOD cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, number and percentage of white cells including lymphocytes and eosinophils were not affected by treatments but the percentage of monocytes decreased (P<0.05) at low level of the EOs. The results of this experiment showed that the addition of mixture of EOs to the diet did not have a significant effect on performance PARAMETERS and immune system of lambs, although it reduced the total concentration of VFA and acetate and increased the concentration of propionate.

It is very important to know about ABG in order to evaluate the oxygenation potency of lungs especially in critically ill patients. Many factors such as geographical position do affect ABG. This cross-sectional study was done on 83 healthy young persons having no systemic or other kinds of diseases affecting arterial BLOOD GASes. Information on PH, Pao2, ao2, Spo2 and Spo2 were gathered from each person. The obtained results were statistically analyzed using t-test. The mean Pao2 and Paco2 were 111.77 and 41.49 mmHg respectively (see also tables). In the present study, special geographical position of Sari in the vicinity of the Caspian Sea has affected the abovementioned PARAMETERS, so that pao2 is much higher. Therefore a higher level of arterial oxygen is to be considered hypoxia in order to prevent the hypoxia risk.

Introduction: The right use of BLOOD is necessary because of the high cost of correct BLOOD screening, BLOOD grouping, and cross match. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rate of the reserved and cross matched BLOOD before elective surgeries which were done in Bahman 22nd Hospital. It also aims at evaluating the standard guideline for ordering BLOOD.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study from 1380 to 1388 that evaluates evaluating 6145 files of the patients hospitalized in 22 Bahman 22nd Hospital for surgery during the years of 1380 to 1388. The elective operations include General surgery, Gynecology, orthopedic, ENT, Urology and Neurosurgery. The number of patients, the number of reserved and cross matched units and the number of transfused units was recorded for each group of patients collected in each groups. Finally, the number of reserved BLOOD units in that period of time and in each group was compared with the standard guideline. Also the number of transfused BLOOD units was evaluated. The ratio of cross matched to transfused BLOOD units lower than 2.5 was considered as standard. And The obtained data were analyzed, using with SPSS.Results: A total of 1557 BLOOD units of BLOOD were reserved for 772 patients.1305 units (66.47%) were cross matched, but just 126 units (8.1%) were transfused. The effective factors in increasing the possibility of transfusion were the ages<20 & >80 years old, Hb £ 12, the type of surgery and the surgeon. Although after the application of the guidelines in1385, there was 64.44% decrease in the rate of cross matching rate due to the decrease in the number of patients who were cross matched, but the average of cross matched units for each patient did not change. The total of C/T index of the hospital decreased from 14.1 to 3.7.Conclusion: The appropriate correct BLOOD reserving can decrease the unnecessary BLOOD reserves, lower the pressure on BLOOD banking centers and prevent BLOOD wastage.

In this experiment, the effect of garlic (GP) and tomato (TP) powders on performance, BLOOD PARAMETERS, sex differentiation and hatchability of Ross-308 broiler breeders were examined and compared with In-Ovo injection of garlic or tomato hydroalcoholic extracts. In first experiment, 375 hens and 25 roosters (47 wk.) were randomly allocated to 5 treatments and 5 replicates, for 4 weeks. Treatments included: 1) basal diet (control), 2 and 3) basal diet+ 2 and 4 percent of GP, and 4 and 5) basal diet + 2 and 4 percent of TP, respectively. In second experiment, 200 hens and 20 roosters were randomly allocated to 2 treatments including 1) basal diet and 2) basal diet + 4% of TP (selected treatment of the Exp. 1) in 5 replications from 52-56 wk. During incubation period, experimental treatments included: 1) control group, 2) eggs from hens fed 4% TP, 3) In-Ovo injection of physiological serum and 4 and 5) In-Ovo injection of 0.1 and 0.3 ml of garlic and tomato hydroalcoholic extracts. The results of first experiment, adding garlic and tomato powders was not significant on egg qualitative traits and BLOOD PARAMETERS (P>0.05). All In-Ovo injection treatments increased fertility percentage (P<0.05). The second experiment results showed that treatments had no significant effect on the percent of males and females (P>0.05). In general, addition of 4 percent tomato powder to broiler breeders in comparison to In-Ovo injection of hydroalcoholic extracts of garlic and tomato, did not increase male 1-d-old chicks’ percentage of hatched chicks.

Background: Arterial BLOOD GAS analysis (ABG) is an invasive and complicated method that could not be satisfactory managed in all patients. ABG is mainly used during anesthesia, especially for prolonged operations and patients with respiratory disease. Regarding the previous studies demonstrating the correlation between ABG and CBG, this study has been carried out on patients referring to Taleghani and Shaheed Modarres hospitals in 2000, to determine this correlation.Materials and methods: 50 adults undergone general anesthesia had entered our descriptive study. Arterial and capillary BLOOD samples were taken simultaneously, using two different techniques. Paired t- test was used and correlation was determined.Results: 50 patients (40% male and 60% female) with mean age of 45±9 years were surveyed. Considering PH, the difference was 0.5±0.3 (63.9%) which was not statistically significant. The determined differences for PO2, bicarbonate and PO2 were 4±0.5 mmHg (5.7%), 2±0.5 meq(4.8%), and 10±7 mmHg (7.4%), respectively. These results were not statistically significant, too.Conclusion: Correlation ratio of 0.6-0.95 seems to be satisfactory. So, CBG could be a suitable and reliable alternative for ABG. Further studies are strongly recommended.

Background and aim: This study was carried in order to investigate the degree of agreement and correlation between arterial and venous BLOOD GAS PARAMETERS and the possibility of replacing intravenous BLOOD instead of arterial BLOOD GAS test according to scientific evidence. Methods: This narrative review was done by searching the databases of SID, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar search engine, using the keywords arterial BLOOD GASes, venous BLOOD GASes from 2005 to 2020. A total of 24 related articles were found and after screening, 16 articles were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Review of studies examining the correlation of the agreement between ABG and VBG PARAMETERS often found a good relationship, especially between the PH and HCO3 values of arterial and venous BLOOD. The use of intravenous PCO2 instead of arterial BLOOD, although some studies have introduced intravenous PCO2 as an acidemy screening tool, is still debated and needs further study. Conclusion: Venous BLOOD GAS test can be a safe, easy and low-cost option to assess patients' BLOOD GAS status. However, considering the clinical condition of patients when using VBG is recommended and ABG analysis will commend only if necessary.

Background and Objectives: Transfusion of BLOOD products is associated with a number of changes in metabolic PARAMETERS. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of transfusing packed red BLOOD cells on arterial BLOOD GAS PARAMETERS in the patients undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgery.Materials and Methods: In a clinical trial, each one of the 40 adult cases undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgeries received a unit of packed cell with a volume of 250 to 350 ml. The arterial samples were taken from these recipients exactly both before and after the transfusion. P value less than 0.05 were considered significant; data entry and analysis were done using SPSS software version 11.5. The results were demonstrated as mean ± standard deviation. Chi square and paired sample T tests were used for data analysis. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two samples regarding arterial values of pH, Base Excess, PaO2, and PaCO2 before and after transfusion of one unit of packed red cell. There was, however, a significant decline in the arterial amount of bicarbonate and Buffer Base after the transfusion. Conclusions: Packed cell transfusion as much as one unit or so in those patients undergoing general anesthesia could not influence the BLOOD GAS PARAMETERS in such a notable way. However, it seems that there is no reason to administer any routine dose of intravenous bicarbonate after such a transfusion, unless indicated otherwise by arterial BLOOD GAS documentation.

Objective: To determine the correlation between BLOOD GAS PARAMETERS and central venous pressure (CVP) in patients suffering from septic shock.Methods: Forty adult patients with diagnosis of septic shock who were admitted to the emergency department (ED) of Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, and met inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. For all patients, sampling was done for venous BLOOD GAS analysis, serum sodium and chlorine levels. At the time of sampling; BLOOD pressure, pulse rate and CVP were recorded.Correlation between BLOOD GAS PARAMETERS and hemodynamic indices were.Results: A significant direct correlation between CVP with anion gap (AG) and inversely with base deficit (BD) and bicarbonate. CVP also showed a relative correlation with pH, whereas it was not correlated with BD/ AG ratio and serum chlorine level. There was no significant association between CVP and clinical PARAMETERS including shock index (SI) and mean arterial pressure (MAP).Conclusion: It seems that some of non invasive BLOOD GAS PARAMETERS could be served as alternative to invasive measures such as CVP in treatment planning of patients referred to an ED with septic shock.